Mergers & Acquisitions

Schemes of arrangement, fast track mergers, demergers and slump sales — from structuring the transaction to the certified order and its implementation.

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Mergers & Acquisitions

A merger is a document exercise wrapped around a commercial decision, and the document exercise is where deals slip. Objections from a sectoral regulator, an appointed date that creates a tax problem, a shareholder meeting convened without the right disclosures, a scheme drafted so that the accounting treatment does not survive the auditors' certificate — each of these adds months.

Akash & Co. runs the corporate-law workstream of mergers, demergers, amalgamations and business transfers: structuring the transaction, drafting the scheme, taking it through the National Company Law Tribunal or the fast track route, and implementing it once approved.

What we do

Merger, amalgamation, demerger, slump sale, business transfer, share swap or share purchase — assessed against time, tax and approvals.

Drafting the scheme, applications and petitions, meetings the Tribunal directs, notices, regulator responses, and appearance through counsel to the final order.

For small companies, start-ups and holding-and-wholly-owned-subsidiary combinations that avoid the NCLT route where eligibility conditions are met.

Separating a division into a resulting company, with shareholding and consideration mechanics worked out before drafting begins.

Under Section 234, including the prior approvals involved.

Including other Tribunal-convened arrangements.

Coordination of the reports the scheme requires.

Buy-side and sell-side diligence, SPA/SSA, shareholders' agreements and business transfer agreements.

Filing the certified order, transfer of assets, liabilities, licences, employees and contracts, and closing the transferor company's records.

Who this is for

Promoter groups consolidating or simplifying a group structure; companies acquiring or divesting a business; foreign groups reorganising their Indian entities; and boards that need the corporate-law side of a deal run by someone who has taken schemes through the Tribunal before.

The structuring conversation to have first

Two companies under common control that want to become one have several routes available, and the right one is rarely obvious from the outside. A fast track merger under Section 233 avoids the Tribunal entirely and is materially quicker — but only where the parties fall within the eligible categories. A scheme under Sections 230 to 232 takes longer and costs more, but accommodates structures the fast track route cannot. A slump sale avoids court process altogether but changes the tax position and does not carry losses across.

We map the routes against your facts — including the appointed date, the treatment of accumulated losses, stamp duty across the states involved, and any regulatory approvals — before a single document is drafted.

The FAQs

A scheme under Sections 230 to 232 is realistically a matter of several months to over a year from first application to the certified order, driven mainly by Tribunal listing dates and regulator response times. A fast track merger under Section 233, where available, is significantly shorter because it does not go before the Tribunal at all.

Section 233 provides a simplified merger route approved by the Central Government through the Regional Director rather than by the Tribunal. It is available to specified categories, including mergers between small companies and between a holding company and its wholly owned subsidiary. Eligibility turns on the classification of each company on its latest figures.

The appointed date is the date from which the scheme takes economic effect — the point at which the transferor's assets and liabilities are treated as having passed to the transferee. It drives the accounting treatment, the tax position and the financial statements for the intervening period. It is one of the few clauses in a scheme that is genuinely commercial rather than mechanical.

Tell us what the group looks like now and what you want it to look like. We will set out the routes available and what each one takes.

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